This paper represents one of the first systematic analyses of evidence for respiratory disease in Peruvian and South American human skeletal remains, demonstrating the suitability of the region for further study.
A limited sample was available for analysis. Additionally, the site's skeletal preservation was excellent, meaning the sample available for assessment of maxillary sinusitis was smaller, being limited to individuals with post-mortem breakage.
The results of this study should stimulate further much needed systematic investigation of evidence for respiratory disease in other Peruvian and South American populations.
The results of this study should stimulate further much needed systematic investigation of evidence for respiratory disease in other Peruvian and South American populations.Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death globally. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Docetaxel(Taxotere).html To challenge this enormous disease burden, scientists are pursuing innovative solutions to maintain and improve the quality of neurological care. Despite the availability of many effective evidence-based practices, many patients with neurological disorders cannot access these (or receive them inefficiently after a long delay) and may be exposed to unnecessary, expensive, and potentially harmful treatments. To promote the systematic uptake of evidence-based practices into the real world, a new scientific study of methods has been developed implementation science. In implementation science research, transdisciplinary research teams systematically (using theory, model, and framework) assess local barriers to facilitate the adoption of evidence-based practices and examine potential solutions using implementation strategies (interventions that help adoption of intended practices) targeting multiple levels in the health care system, including patient, provider, clinic, facility, organization, or broader community and policy environment. The success of these strategies (implementation outcomes) is measured by the extent and quality of the implementation. Implementation studies can be either observational or interventional but are distinct from traditional efficacy or effectiveness studies. Traditional neuroscience research and clinical trials, conducted in controlled settings, focus on discovering new insights with little consideration of translating those insights into the everyday practice of a resource-constrained and dynamic health care system. Thus, neurologists should become familiar with implementation science to reduce the knowledge-practice gap, maximize health care value, and improve management of brain disorders affecting public health.Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a sporadic, neurocutaneous syndrome involving the skin, brain, and eyes. Because of the variability of the clinical manifestations and the lack of prospective studies, consensus recommendations for management and treatment of SWS have not been published.
This article consolidates the current literature with expert opinion to make recommendations to guide the neuroimaging evaluation and the management of the neurological and ophthalmologic features of SWS.
Thirteen national peer-recognized experts in neurology, radiology, and ophthalmology with experience treating patients with SWS were assembled. Key topics and questions were formulated for each group and included (1) risk stratification, (2) indications for referral, and (3) optimum treatment strategies. An extensive PubMed search was performed of English language articles published in 2008 to 2018, as well as recent studies identified by the expert panel. The panel made clinical practice recommendations.
Children with ne screening for brain involvement is not recommended, but brain imaging can be performed in select cases. Routine follow-up neuroimaging is not recommended in children with SWS and stable neurocognitive symptoms. The treatment of ophthalmologic complications, such as glaucoma, differs based on the age and clinical presentation of the patient. These recommendations will help facilitate coordinated care for patients with SWS and may improve patient outcomes.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in preterm infants with bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) become less clear as the infants age. We assessed MRI findings in children with preterm BE older than 36months corrected age (CA).
In a previous questionnaire survey, hospitals were asked to provide head MRI data of patients older than 36months CA. MRI findings were reviewed by three pediatric neurology specialists and classified as no abnormalities, partial globus pallidus (GP) lesions, or diffuse GP lesions.
In total, 33 MRI scans were available from 28 patients. The median gestational age and birth weight were 26weeks and 824g, respectively. The prevalence of MRI abnormalities was 100% in patients at 37 to 48months CA, 71% in those at 49 to 60months CA, 50% in those at 61 to 72months CA, 67% in those at 73 to 84months CA, and 38% in those at 85months CA or older. Partial GP lesions were more common than diffuse GP lesions at all ages. No significant differences in sex, gestational age, birth weight, or gross motor function impairment were observed among lesion groups.
GP lesions were detected on MRI in most children with preterm BE when studied after 36months CA, although MRI abnormalities became less apparent along with age. Partial GP lesions may be a characteristic of older children with preterm BE.
GP lesions were detected on MRI in most children with preterm BE when studied after 36 months CA, although MRI abnormalities became less apparent along with age. Partial GP lesions may be a characteristic of older children with preterm BE.The proportion of children with recurrent signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension after medication wean has been reported to be between 18% and 50%. Few studies have reported intracranial hypertension recurrence risk in children while adjusting for each individual's observed follow-up time after medication wean. In addition, the role of intracranial hypertension etiology on the risk of disease recurrence has not been widely studied.
The medical charts of patients with intracranial hypertension treated with intracranial pressure-lowering medication were analyzed retrospectively for disease recurrence. Baseline characteristics from diagnosis were recorded in addition to information regarding duration of therapy, medication wean, and recurrence. Survival analyses as well as Poisson regression models with time under observation as an offset were performed.
One hundred and thirty-three patients were included in the study. The cumulative risk of intracranial hypertension recurrence increased rapidly within the first sixmonths after medication wean and was 1.